A Practical Microwave Radiometer Design and Atmosphere Remote Sensing
by
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Presented in this book are examples of microwave radiometer design together with practical tools and algorithms which can be used for atmosphere remote sensing. Below is a brief introduction to each chapter of the book.
Chapter 1 is some basic knowledge on microwave atmosphere remote sensing. Especially, the atmosphere oxygen microwave absorption coefficient, the atmosphere water vapor microwave absorption coefficient, and the total atmosphere microwave absorption coefficient are calculated by MATLAB programs. These MATLAB programs are presented in this book. The concepts of noise temperature, optical thickness, and some other important parameters in atmosphere remote sensing are addressed.
Chapter 2 is on remote sensing of atmosphere temperature profile. Assuming atmosphere temperature is stratified uniform a temperature profile is the temperature variation versus above ground height. The Backus-Gilbert method is applied to resolving inversion problem of the radiation transfer equation. A ten layer atmosphere temperature profile has been proved to be able being retrieved with good accuracy by using measurement data from a radiometer operating at 54.75 GHz but taking data from six up-looking angles. All the calculation formulas and MATLAB programs for implementing the Backus-Gilbert algorithm are presented.
Chapter 3 is an introduction of algorithms to deal with remoter sensing of atmosphere water vapor density, cloud water content, and rain fall rate.
Chapter 4 is a brief review of several radiometer types including explanation of their operation principles and performance analysis. These radiometers include: total power radiometer, simple Dicke radiometer, Dicke radiometer with feedback balancing, and noise adding radiometer.
Chapter 5 is an example design of a radiometer operating at 60 GHz by using packaged components with waveguide interfaces. The principles and procedure for designing a microwave radiometer and for analyzing its performance are discussed. The design is down to schematic level with detailed radiometer performance analysis.
Chapter 6 is an example design of a radiometer operating at 54.75 GHz by using substrate components. This design was completed by the author in 2005 but not developed into a product.
Chapter 7 is an example design of a radiometer controller. Chapter 8 is on radiometer calibration. Almost every aspects of the two point calibration method are analyzed and a real time calibration procedure (doing calibration while executing measurement) is proposed for noise adding radiometers. Attention is especially paid to the tipping curve calibration method and a MATLAB program to implement the tipping curve calibration is presented.
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About the Book
The principles and related concepts and methods of atmosphere remote sensing by using microwave radiometers are explained as clear as possible in this book. Practical design tools are presented as well, including: A. The method and procedure for designing and analyzing a microwave radiometer are presented through an example design of a V band microwave radiometer, and the design is down to schematic level including design of radiometer microwave front end and radiometer controller; B. A lot of MATLAB programs are presented in this book for designing and simulating radiometers, including programs to calculate atmosphere microwave absorption coefficients, programs to execute the tipping curve calibration, and programs to retrieve atmosphere temperature profile; C. The Backus-Gilbert method has been applied successfully for resolving the inverse problem of radiation transfer equation and a full MATLAB program package for implementing the Backus-Gilbert algorithm is presented in this book. D. An example design of a V-band radiometer by using substrate technology is presented as well. E. Finally, almost every aspects of the two point calibration method are analyzed and a real time calibration procedure (doing calibration while carrying out measurement) is proposed for noise adding radiometers.
About the Author
Presented in the book are examples of microwave radiometer design together with practical tools and algorithms which can be used for atmosphere remote sensing. The author was a Sr. RF and MW engineer working in the field of wireless communication for many years and had an experience of designing microwave radiometer for 18 months. The knowledge learned and work done at that period is the basis of this book. The author successfully applied the Backus-Gilbert algorithm for resolving the radiation transfer equation and all programs to implement the Backus-Gilbert algorithm are presented in this book. The author also proposed in this book a method to do real time radiometer calibration while the radiometer is executing measurements. Practical microwave radiometer design examples and detailed radiometer performance analysis are presented in the book as well.