PARALLEL OLD TESTAMENT – TANAKH
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Ruth, Jonah, and Habakkuk
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16 And the report was heard in the house of Pharaoh saying, “The brothers of Yoseph have come!” And it was pleasing in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants. 17 Then Pharaoh said to Yoseph, “Say to your brothers, ‘Do this! Load your beasts and leave! Go to the land of Canaan. 18 And take your father and your households, and come to me! And I will give to you the good of the land of Egypt. And you will eat of the fat of the land.’
19 “And you, you are commanded, ‘Do this! Take wagons for yourselves from the land of Egypt for your small children, elderly and women. And carry your father, and come! 20 And do not let your eyes flow because of your goods, for all the good things of Egypt will be yours.’”
21 So the sons of Yisrael did this. And Yoseph gave them wagons, according to the command of the mouth of Pharaoh. And he gave them provisions for the journey. 22 To all of them he gave each man changes of robes, but to Binyamin, he gave three hundred silver pieces, and five changes of robes. 23 And to his father he sent this: ten male donkeys loaded with the good things of Egypt, and ten female donkeys loaded with cleaned grain and bread and food for his father on the journey.
24 ”So he sent his brothers away and they left. And he said to them, “Do not get upset along the way!” 25 And they went up from Egypt and came to the land of Canaan, to Yaakov their father. 26 And they reported to him, saying “Yoseph still lives! And indeed, he is ruler over all the land of Egypt!” And his heart was numb, for he did not believe them. 27 But they spoke to him all the words of Yoseph that he spoke to them. And he saw the wagons that Yoseph had sent to carry him back. And the spirit of their father Yaakov revived. 28 Then Yisrael said, “Enough! My son Yoseph still lives! I will go and see him before I die.”
4 Now when the Lord saw that he was approaching to look, the Lord called to him from the thornbush saying, “Mouses, Mouses!” And he said, “What is it?” 5 And he said, “Do not come near here! Loosen the sandal from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.” 6 And he said to him, “I, I am the God of your father, God of Abraam, and God of Isaak, and God of Iakob
5 And YHVH set a definite time saying, “Tomorrow, YHVH will do this thing in the land.” [And Moses and Aharon entered before Pharaoh and said to him, “Thus says YHVH, God of the Hebrews, ‘Send my people away that they may serve me. For if you refuse to send my people away, and you still hold on to them, behold, the hand of YHVH will be on your livestock which is in the open field, on the horses, and the donkeys, and the camels, on the herds and on the flocks, a very heavy plague. And YHVH shall make a distinction between the cattle of Yisrael and the cattle of Egypt, so that not one thing shall die of all that belongs to Yisrael. Tomorrow YHVH shall do this thing in the land.”]Q 4 And the Lord raised up a wind on the sea. And there was a great surge of waves on the sea. And the ship was in danger of breaking up. 5 And the sailors were afraid and cried out, each to his god. And they jettisoned the wares in the ship into the sea to lighten it of them. And Ionas had climbed down into the hold of the ship, and was sleeping and snoring. 6 And the captain approached him and said to him, “Why are you snoring? Get up and call on your God, that God may bring us safely through, and we may not die!” 5 “Behold, [you traitors]Q And be astonished, be astonished! For I work a work in your days, Which you all would not believe, If it were told.
2. G, H 3:6. New Testament Use of Old Testament #36 (last Ex. 3:5-10, next Ex. 3:12). God’s statement to Moses of who he is, is a very important one, recognized by Jews and Christians alike. We therefore should not be surprised that it is quoted several times in the New Testament. The gospel writers show Jesus using the text to argue for a resurrection, stating that God is the God of the living, not the dead. 1. H 9:5. Dead Sea Scroll Variant #67 (last Ex. [8:24], next Ex. 9:6). 4QpaleoExodm adds this expansion, which is nearly word for word the same as the prophecy in vss. 3-5. The Samaritan Pentateuch agrees with this reading, but neither the Septuagint or Masoretic Text have it. It is not likely original, so we include it in italics. 1. H 1:5. Dead Sea Scroll Variant #107a (last Nah. 3:16, next Hab. 1:15). Here we utilize the witness of a Dead Sea Scroll that is not technically considered to be a biblical scroll. Of the 8,000 Dead Sea Scrolls discovered, only 2,000 are considered to reflect a biblical text. The other 6,000 are known as sectarian manuscripts. They include descriptions of apocalyptic confrontations between good and evil, apocryphal works (both known and previously unknown to us), and Scriptural commentaries or “peshers.” One of the first seven Dead Sea Scrolls discovered was a commentary on the book of Habakkuk, known as the Habakkuk pesher or commentary, 1QpHab (cave 1, Qumran, pesher, Habakkuk).
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This work presents Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Ruth, Jonah and Habakkuk translated from Greek and Hebrew in parallel. The most authoritative Greek (Rahlfs) and Hebrew (BHS) texts available are the base texts, as used by NETS (New English Translation of the Septuagint) and modern English Bibles (such as ESV, NIV, NASB, RSV, NRSV, NEB, REB and NAB). Where available, Mr. Gren supplements these texts with newer editions being issued (Greek text - Gottingen Septuagint; Hebrew text - BHQ).
This dual translation provides definitive insight into Dead Sea Scroll variants, and New Testament usage of the Old Testament. Many Dead Sea Scroll variants are incorporated into the text, particularly when scholarly consensus identifies them as probable original readings. In addition, all passages quoted in the New Testament are presented in bold with a detailed analysis. The reader can see how the New Testament quotations relate to both the Greek Old Testament, from which it frequently derives, and the original Hebrew text.
This work enhances the reader’s understanding of Jewish and Greek culture, history and language. Mr. Gren translates both Greek and Hebrew as literally as possible, to facilitate comparison. He emphasizes both Greek and Hebrew word derivations and spellings. The Greek and Hebrew translations will stand on their own independently, yet are presented in parallel to facilitate comparison of differences and similarities
.About the Author
Conrad Gren translates Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) from Greek into English and from Hebrew into English. His article “Piercing the Ambiguities of Psalm 22:16 and the Messiah’s Mission” was published in the June 2005 Journal of Evangelical Theological Society. Conrad graduated with a Master of Arts in Exegetical Theology from Western Seminary, Portland, OR in 2003. John Kohlenberger, John Sailhamer, James DeYoung, Peter Flint and Martin Abegg are major influences.